A centrifugal pump is a machine
Each centrifugal pump contains a set of mechanical components that enable the pump to operate. This mechanical assembly includes the pump shaft that is supported in bearings, the sealing mechanism that prevents excessive leakage from the pump, structural components that are designed to support the stresses and strains that the pump is subjected to during operation, and the wear surfaces that allow the pump to be repaired and returned enable . to its original specifications.
A centrifugal pump uses rotation to impart velocity to a liquid
Each centrifugal pump contains an impeller.The impeller is the hydraulic component that rotates to impart speed to the fluid being pumped.
A centrifugal pump converts speed into flow
Each centrifugal pump contains a housing. The casing is the hydraulic component that absorbs the velocity transmitted by the impeller and directs the pumped liquid to the pump discharge point.
Basically, a centrifugal pump consists of these three components:
An impeller that spins and imparts speed to a liquid.A housing that captures the speed generated by the impeller and converts that speed into a stable flow. Assembly of mechanical components that allow the impeller to rotate inside the pump casing.
The impeller of a centrifugal pump rotates rapidly to impart speed to a fluid being pumped. If you've never seen a pump impeller, imagine a ship's propeller. When a ship's propeller is turned, it imparts speed to the liquid around it. As the liquid moves, this speed forces the propeller to move forward in the water.
Now imagine what would happen if the boat were anchored in place, tight enough to prevent it from moving. Next, imagine that the speed generated by the ship's propeller was limited and controlled to create a flow of water that you could direct where you wanted.
In fact, what we have just described is a centrifugal pump; In fact, an axial flow pump is quite similar to what we have just described.
In a centrifugal pump you have a rapidly spinning impeller that imparts speed to the liquid in the pump, much like a ship's propeller imparts speed to water in a lake. The enclosure is the part of the array that picks up, contains, controls, and sends that velocity in a useful direction.
Each impeller has 1 or more blades extending from the centre or hub of the impeller to the outside diameter.As the impeller spins, centrifugal force causes fluid to move rapidly from the centre of the impeller, along the blades, and then out of the impeller at the outside diameter. The result is that the pumped liquid leaves the circumference of the impeller at a very high speed.
There are many different types of impellers for centrifugal pumps. The most common types of pump impellers are discussed in our article Basic Pump Components: Voles, Casings, and Impellers.
The centrifugal pump housing is the component of the pump that converts all of the velocity generated by the rotating impeller into a controlled and stable flow and directs it out of the pump through the pressure point.
The most common type of casing is called a spiral casing and resembles a snail shell. The impeller is arranged in the spiral. However, as you may have noticed in the image above, the impeller is not usually centred on the volute.
Instead, the impeller is positioned so that the outside diameter of the impeller is closest to the auger at the point just after the exit. This point, where the impeller is closest to the volume, is called the cutwater.
Starting from the watershed, as we move around the impeller, the distance between the volute and the impeller gradually increases until the exit point is reached. This constant expansion of the area around the impeller causes pressure to build up from the smallest to the largest gap, and the increasing pressure pushes the fluid away from the exit point.
In this article, we only briefly touched on pump housing construction. For more information on the most common types of pump casings, see our article Basic Pump Components: Voles, Casings, and Impellers.
Centrifugal pumps alone do not bring much. They must be combined with other devices to be useful. The combination of equipment that makes a centrifugal pump work is called a pump unit.
A centrifugal pump unit consists of at least two components: a pump and a motor.
In most cases, the motor of a centrifugal pump system is an electric motor.However, this is not always the case. Pumps can also be powered by other engines such as natural gas engines or even steam turbines.
The most common pump unit combines a centrifugal pump driven by an electric motor.
This is the simplest and most common type of centrifugal pump unit. In this type of pump unit, the impeller is mounted on the end of the motor shaft and the pump housing is mounted directly on the front of the motor.In a direct coupled pump unit, the motor shaft and bearings make up the bulk of the mechanical part of the pump.
Another common pump design is the frame mounted end suction pump. With a frame mounted end suction pump, the pump comprises a complete mechanical assembly and is coupled to an impeller, both mounted on a common base plate.
This is by no means a complete list of possible pump unit configurations. In the article on common pump designs, we will discuss other common pump unit configurations.As a reminder: A pump unit consists of a centrifugal pump and a drive, for example an electric motor, and depending on the design of the pump can also contain other components such as base plates and couplings.
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